Etude de la composition lipidique du raisin, Vitis vinifera L.: Evolution au cours de la maturation et localisation dans la baie

Lipid composition of grapevine berries, Vitis vinifera L.:Changes during maturation and localization in the berryQuantitative determinations in four grapevine varieties, Vitis vinifera L., gave evidence that the level of fatty acids in mature be rries was around 0.045 %, for t he main part unsaturated acids. Linoleic, pa lmit ic, linolenic and oleic acids were the most abundant, followed by stearic and behenic acids . No free fatty acids were found. Phospholipids formed the largest fraction prior to neutral and glycolipids. Glycolipids showed a high level of linolenic acid, while in phospho- and neutral lipids linoleic acid was highest. In the three fractions, polyunsaturated acids made up more th an half of total fatty acids. No differences were found between grape varieties. During grape maturation, changes in fatty acid levels were low, except for linolenic acid, which decreased consistently, this decline was concerned with neutral and glycolipids. Consequently, the potential of herbaceous flavour decreased progressively during berry maturation. Fatty acids were 1.5-3 times lower in pulp than in skin; thus, the skin can contribute to a large enrichment of fatty acids in juice, polyunsaturated derivatives, especially linolenic acid, being highest. In consequence, the presence of a !a rge part of grape herbaceous flavour potential in the skin was confirmed. Fatty acid patterns were s imilar in pulp and in skin, with more than half consisting of polyunsaturated compounds. There were a lso identical patterns for other lipids such as phospholipids, which were t he most abundant, followed by neutral and glycolipids

Further insights into the floral character of Touriga Nacional Wines

Higher-quality Touriga Nacional (TN) wines are characterized by a fruity-citric aroma described as sweet and fresh citrus evoking the bergamot fruit (Citrus bergamia). In fact, “bergamot-like” descriptor is currently employed to rate higher quality TN wines. The aim of thiswork was to identify among volatile compounds present in bergamot fruit extracts (mainly terpenes) which of them contributes the most to the bergamot overall perception, and relate these data with the volatile composition of TN wines. The identification of the most important descriptors was done by sensory analysis. Among 18 descriptors 3were selected: bergamot-like aroma, orange like, and violet. A GCO of a typical TN wine extract allows the identification of 3 related odorant zones ZO1, ZO2, and ZO3 related with bergamot-like aroma. Using AEDA, ZO2 was confirmed to be one of the most important odorant zones. Using AEDA the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate was confirmed. A similarity test was performedwith a non-TN wine added with linalool and linalyl acetate alone or in combinations. The highest similarity value was observed when linalool (SV = 5.9) was added. In fact, results obtained from the analysis of several red wines from different varieties show that terpenols are present in higher amounts in wines coming from TN variety, which proves that these compounds can be the clue to the varietal aroma of TN wines

Re: "Comparison of antipseudomonal betalactams for febrile neutropenia empiric therapy: systematic review and network metaanalysis" by Horita et al

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Clinical, Neuroimaging, and Genetic Markers in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: There are limited data regarding the prevalence of distinct clinical, neuroimaging and genetic markers among patients diagnosed with cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri). We sought to determine the prevalence of clinical, radiological, genetic and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker findings in patients with CAA-ri. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies including patients with CAA-ri was conducted to determine the prevalence of clinical, neuroimaging, genetic and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker findings. Subgroup analyses were performed based on (1) prospective or retrospective study design and (2) CAA-ri diagnosis with or without available biopsy. We pooled the prevalence rates using random-effects models and assessed the heterogeneity using Cochran-Q and I2-statistics. Results: We identified 4 prospective and 17 retrospective cohort studies comprising 378 patients with CAA-ri (mean age, 71.5 years; women, 52%). The pooled prevalence rates were as follows: cognitive decline at presentation 70% ([95% CI, 54%-84%]; I2=82%), focal neurological deficits 55% ([95% CI, 40%-70%]; I2=82%), encephalopathy 54% ([95% CI, 39%-68%]; I2=43%), seizures 37% ([95% CI, 27%-49%]; I2=65%), headache 31% ([95% CI, 22%-42%]; I2=58%), T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery-hyperintense white matter lesions 98% ([95% CI, 93%-100%]; I2=44%), lobar cerebral microbleeds 96% ([95% CI, 92%-99%]; I2=25%), gadolinium enhancing lesions 54% ([95% CI, 42%-66%]; I2=62%), cortical superficial siderosis 51% ([95% CI, 34%-68%]; I2=77%) and lobar macrohemorrhage 40% ([95% CI, 11%-73%]; I2=88%). The prevalence rate of the ApoE (Apolipoprotein E) ϵ4/ϵ4 genotype was 34% ([95% CI, 17%-53%]; I2=76%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated no differences in these prevalence rates based on study design and diagnostic strategy. Conclusions: Cognitive decline was the most common clinical feature. Hyperintense T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery white matter lesions and lobar cerebral microbleeds were by far the most prevalent neuroimaging findings. Thirty-four percent of patients with CAA-ri have homozygous ApoE ϵ4/ϵ4 genotype and scarce data exist regarding the cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and its significance in these patients

Treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia increases the risk of graft-versus-host disease and death

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